diff --git a/internal/cmd/import.go b/internal/cmd/import.go
index 79f0b51ba..03ef6b869 100644
--- a/internal/cmd/import.go
+++ b/internal/cmd/import.go
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ func runImportLocale(c *cli.Context) error {
 		// this breaks INI parser, we need to fix that.
 		sr, err := os.Open(source)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Open: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("open: %v", err)
 		}
 
 		tw, err := os.Create(target)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Create: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("create: %v", err)
 		}
 
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(sr)
diff --git a/internal/database/attachment.go b/internal/database/attachment.go
index b278e8b86..532a1ffeb 100644
--- a/internal/database/attachment.go
+++ b/internal/database/attachment.go
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ func NewAttachment(name string, buf []byte, file multipart.File) (_ *Attachment,
 	defer fw.Close()
 
 	if _, err = fw.Write(buf); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Write: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write: %v", err)
 	} else if _, err = io.Copy(fw, file); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Copy: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copy: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := x.Insert(attach); err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/database/issue.go b/internal/database/issue.go
index 812e29510..a12a958fa 100644
--- a/internal/database/issue.go
+++ b/internal/database/issue.go
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ func (issue *Issue) ClearLabels(doer *User) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	if err = sess.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Commit: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if issue.IsPull {
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ func (issue *Issue) ChangeStatus(doer *User, repo *Repository, isClosed bool) (e
 	}
 
 	if err = sess.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Commit: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if issue.IsPull {
@@ -770,11 +770,11 @@ func NewIssue(repo *Repository, issue *Issue, labelIDs []int64, uuids []string)
 		LableIDs:    labelIDs,
 		Attachments: uuids,
 	}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("newIssue: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("new issue: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if err = sess.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Commit: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if err = NotifyWatchers(&Action{
diff --git a/internal/email/email.go b/internal/email/email.go
index aad5ab598..55c092d19 100644
--- a/internal/email/email.go
+++ b/internal/email/email.go
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	MAIL_AUTH_ACTIVATE        = "auth/activate"
-	MAIL_AUTH_ACTIVATE_EMAIL  = "auth/activate_email"
-	MAIL_AUTH_RESET_PASSWORD  = "auth/reset_passwd"
-	MAIL_AUTH_REGISTER_NOTIFY = "auth/register_notify"
+	tmplAuthActivate       = "auth/activate"
+	tmplAuthActivateEmail  = "auth/activate_email"
+	tmplAuthResetPassword  = "auth/reset_passwd"
+	tmplAuthRegisterNotify = "auth/register_notify"
 
-	MAIL_ISSUE_COMMENT = "issue/comment"
-	MAIL_ISSUE_MENTION = "issue/mention"
+	tmplIssueComment = "issue/comment"
+	tmplIssueMention = "issue/mention"
 
-	MAIL_NOTIFY_COLLABORATOR = "notify/collaborator"
+	tmplNotifyCollaborator = "notify/collaborator"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ func SendUserMail(_ *macaron.Context, u User, tpl, code, subject, info string) {
 }
 
 func SendActivateAccountMail(c *macaron.Context, u User) {
-	SendUserMail(c, u, MAIL_AUTH_ACTIVATE, u.GenerateEmailActivateCode(u.Email()), c.Tr("mail.activate_account"), "activate account")
+	SendUserMail(c, u, tmplAuthActivate, u.GenerateEmailActivateCode(u.Email()), c.Tr("mail.activate_account"), "activate account")
 }
 
 func SendResetPasswordMail(c *macaron.Context, u User) {
-	SendUserMail(c, u, MAIL_AUTH_RESET_PASSWORD, u.GenerateEmailActivateCode(u.Email()), c.Tr("mail.reset_password"), "reset password")
+	SendUserMail(c, u, tmplAuthResetPassword, u.GenerateEmailActivateCode(u.Email()), c.Tr("mail.reset_password"), "reset password")
 }
 
 // SendActivateAccountMail sends confirmation email.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func SendActivateEmailMail(c *macaron.Context, u User, email string) {
 		"Code":            u.GenerateEmailActivateCode(email),
 		"Email":           email,
 	}
-	body, err := render(MAIL_AUTH_ACTIVATE_EMAIL, data)
+	body, err := render(tmplAuthActivateEmail, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("HTMLString: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func SendRegisterNotifyMail(c *macaron.Context, u User) {
 	data := map[string]any{
 		"Username": u.DisplayName(),
 	}
-	body, err := render(MAIL_AUTH_REGISTER_NOTIFY, data)
+	body, err := render(tmplAuthRegisterNotify, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("HTMLString: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func SendCollaboratorMail(u, doer User, repo Repository) {
 		"RepoName": repo.FullName(),
 		"Link":     repo.HTMLURL(),
 	}
-	body, err := render(MAIL_NOTIFY_COLLABORATOR, data)
+	body, err := render(tmplNotifyCollaborator, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("HTMLString: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func SendIssueCommentMail(issue Issue, repo Repository, doer User, tos []string)
 		return
 	}
 
-	Send(composeIssueMessage(issue, repo, doer, MAIL_ISSUE_COMMENT, tos, "issue comment"))
+	Send(composeIssueMessage(issue, repo, doer, tmplIssueComment, tos, "issue comment"))
 }
 
 // SendIssueMentionMail composes and sends issue mention emails to target receivers.
@@ -224,5 +224,5 @@ func SendIssueMentionMail(issue Issue, repo Repository, doer User, tos []string)
 	if len(tos) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	Send(composeIssueMessage(issue, repo, doer, MAIL_ISSUE_MENTION, tos, "issue mention"))
+	Send(composeIssueMessage(issue, repo, doer, tmplIssueMention, tos, "issue mention"))
 }
diff --git a/internal/httplib/httplib.go b/internal/httplib/httplib.go
index 942b83015..1753d3ece 100644
--- a/internal/httplib/httplib.go
+++ b/internal/httplib/httplib.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/xml"
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"mime/multipart"
@@ -22,8 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
-
-	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -412,26 +409,6 @@ func (r *Request) ToFile(filename string) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-// ToJson returns the map that marshals from the body bytes as json in response .
-// it calls Response inner.
-func (r *Request) ToJson(v any) error {
-	data, err := r.Bytes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return jsoniter.Unmarshal(data, v)
-}
-
-// ToXml returns the map that marshals from the body bytes as xml in response .
-// it calls Response inner.
-func (r *Request) ToXml(v any) error {
-	data, err := r.Bytes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return xml.Unmarshal(data, v)
-}
-
 // Response executes request client gets response manually.
 func (r *Request) Response() (*http.Response, error) {
 	return r.getResponse()
diff --git a/internal/process/manager.go b/internal/process/manager.go
index 042486a53..61bd49fbe 100644
--- a/internal/process/manager.go
+++ b/internal/process/manager.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 var ErrExecTimeout = errors.New("process execution timeout")
 
-const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 60 * time.Second
+const defaultTimeout = 60 * time.Second
 
 // Process represents a running process calls shell command.
 type Process struct {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func Remove(pid int64) bool {
 // Exec starts executing a shell command in given path, it tracks corresponding process and timeout.
 func ExecDir(timeout time.Duration, dir, desc, cmdName string, args ...string) (string, string, error) {
 	if timeout == -1 {
-		timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+		timeout = defaultTimeout
 	}
 
 	bufOut := new(bytes.Buffer)
diff --git a/internal/route/api/v1/user/follower.go b/internal/route/api/v1/user/follower.go
index 1b8910773..90fa868b8 100644
--- a/internal/route/api/v1/user/follower.go
+++ b/internal/route/api/v1/user/follower.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/database"
 )
 
-func responseApiUsers(c *context.APIContext, users []*database.User) {
+func responseAPIUsers(c *context.APIContext, users []*database.User) {
 	apiUsers := make([]*api.User, len(users))
 	for i := range users {
 		apiUsers[i] = users[i].APIFormat()
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func listUserFollowers(c *context.APIContext, u *database.User) {
 		c.Error(err, "list followers")
 		return
 	}
-	responseApiUsers(c, users)
+	responseAPIUsers(c, users)
 }
 
 func ListMyFollowers(c *context.APIContext) {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func listUserFollowing(c *context.APIContext, u *database.User) {
 		c.Error(err, "list followings")
 		return
 	}
-	responseApiUsers(c, users)
+	responseAPIUsers(c, users)
 }
 
 func ListMyFollowing(c *context.APIContext) {
diff --git a/internal/route/user/auth.go b/internal/route/user/auth.go
index 52d8fc25b..a9b2a0792 100644
--- a/internal/route/user/auth.go
+++ b/internal/route/user/auth.go
@@ -402,12 +402,12 @@ func SignUpPost(c *context.Context, cpt *captcha.Captcha, f form.Register) {
 // parseUserFromCode returns user by username encoded in code.
 // It returns nil if code or username is invalid.
 func parseUserFromCode(code string) (user *database.User) {
-	if len(code) <= tool.TIME_LIMIT_CODE_LENGTH {
+	if len(code) <= tool.TimeLimitCodeLength {
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// Use tail hex username to query user
-	hexStr := code[tool.TIME_LIMIT_CODE_LENGTH:]
+	hexStr := code[tool.TimeLimitCodeLength:]
 	if b, err := hex.DecodeString(hexStr); err == nil {
 		if user, err = database.Handle.Users().GetByUsername(gocontext.TODO(), string(b)); user != nil {
 			return user
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ func verifyUserActiveCode(code string) (user *database.User) {
 
 	if user = parseUserFromCode(code); user != nil {
 		// time limit code
-		prefix := code[:tool.TIME_LIMIT_CODE_LENGTH]
+		prefix := code[:tool.TimeLimitCodeLength]
 		data := com.ToStr(user.ID) + user.Email + user.LowerName + user.Password + user.Rands
 
 		if tool.VerifyTimeLimitCode(data, minutes, prefix) {
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ func verifyActiveEmailCode(code, email string) *database.EmailAddress {
 
 	if user := parseUserFromCode(code); user != nil {
 		// time limit code
-		prefix := code[:tool.TIME_LIMIT_CODE_LENGTH]
+		prefix := code[:tool.TimeLimitCodeLength]
 		data := com.ToStr(user.ID) + email + user.LowerName + user.Password + user.Rands
 
 		if tool.VerifyTimeLimitCode(data, minutes, prefix) {
diff --git a/internal/template/template.go b/internal/template/template.go
index d8bd48dcc..348bef049 100644
--- a/internal/template/template.go
+++ b/internal/template/template.go
@@ -164,11 +164,11 @@ func ToUTF8WithErr(content []byte) (error, string) {
 
 	encoding, _ := charset.Lookup(charsetLabel)
 	if encoding == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Unknown encoding: %s", charsetLabel), string(content)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown encoding: %s", charsetLabel), string(content)
 	}
 
 	// If there is an error, we concatenate the nicely decoded part and the
-	// original left over. This way we won't loose data.
+	// original left over. This way we won't lose data.
 	result, n, err := transform.String(encoding.NewDecoder(), string(content))
 	if err != nil {
 		result = result + string(content[n:])
diff --git a/internal/tool/tool.go b/internal/tool/tool.go
index ab46a8840..d0c8874f0 100644
--- a/internal/tool/tool.go
+++ b/internal/tool/tool.go
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func VerifyTimeLimitCode(data string, minutes int, code string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-const TIME_LIMIT_CODE_LENGTH = 12 + 6 + 40
+const TimeLimitCodeLength = 12 + 6 + 40
 
 // CreateTimeLimitCode generates a time limit code based on given input data.
 // Format: 12 length date time string + 6 minutes string + 40 sha1 encoded string
diff --git a/internal/userutil/userutil_test.go b/internal/userutil/userutil_test.go
index 6cdd6dd34..25d0341a4 100644
--- a/internal/userutil/userutil_test.go
+++ b/internal/userutil/userutil_test.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestGenerateActivateCode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	code := GenerateActivateCode(1, "alice@example.com", "Alice", "123456", "rands")
-	got := tool.VerifyTimeLimitCode("1alice@example.comalice123456rands", conf.Auth.ActivateCodeLives, code[:tool.TIME_LIMIT_CODE_LENGTH])
+	got := tool.VerifyTimeLimitCode("1alice@example.comalice123456rands", conf.Auth.ActivateCodeLives, code[:tool.TimeLimitCodeLength])
 	assert.True(t, got)
 }